Two of the world’s top technologies are consistently pairing up in what  many believe is the evolution of information. Software companies are  integrating geographic information systems (GIS) technology and social  media to map people’s tweets and other social media platforms with  geospatial data.
   GIS paired with social media has been used in every major disaster over the past two years.
   Lee Mitchell, owner of G.A.I.A. Professionals, a successful GIS  technology firm, lived on the waterfront line of the BP Deepwater  Horizon disaster.
   “While the NOAA map helped me monitor the spill and official response,  the social maps were by far the most helpful because that is where I  could find people with experiences like mine that weren’t nearly being  addressed through any official means,” says Mitchell.
   Mitchell says the feelings of confusion and powerlessness can be nearly  overwhelming in a disaster situation and the ability to connect with  others and share experiences so that you don’t feel so alone is very  important.
   “I found social media maps to be a great help in making those connections in times of disaster,” adds Mitchell.
   Here are a few other examples of how GIS and social media are playing  an important role to connect people in times of disaster:
   Haiti
   During the 2010 Haiti earthquake that registered 7.0 on the Richter  scale at least 52 aftershocks measuring 4.5 or greater, an estimated  three million people were affected and some 316,000 died. But, without  GIS technology, experts believe the disaster could have been worse.
   In a Esri conference video (
http://video.esri.com/watch/163/haiti-the-importance-of-social-media-use-during-a-disaster)  about Haiti, Craig Fugate, administrator of the Federal Emergency  Management Agency (FEMA), says that in big disasters the initial  response is generally not the government, it is individuals helping each  other, trying to find out what is going on.
   In this age of social media, people can share information in real time.  To capture this, Esri’s data and services included a 25-meter reference  grid of Haiti, an Esri Geo Viewer, and Haiti base map data from the  United Nations available at ArcGIS Online. Esri-generated earthquake and  recovery maps were available for both the media and public.
   “Our job is to help where we can empower our users with better GIS  support,” says Russ Johnson, director of public safety solutions for  Esri, in a press release. “As soon as we learned of the terrible event  in Haiti, we activated our emergency operational procedures to assist  emergency services, humanitarian relief, health professionals, NGOs  [nongovernmental organizations], and others. These organizations are  working extremely hard to make a difference. We’re working to assist  their efforts.”
   Japan
   The 2011 earthquake off the Pacific coast of Tohoku registered a 9.0 on  the Richter scale and killed more than 15,000 people. As outlined in  this American Sentinel University blog post, ‘GIS Technology Critical to  Managing Japan Disaster,’ (available at 
http://www.americansentinel.edu/2011/03/24/gis-technology-critical-to-managing-japan-disaster/) GIS technology helped find victims of the Japan Earthquake.
   Google People Finder used GIS to help individuals track down loved  ones. The East Honshu Island, Japan, Military Grid Reference System  provided a seamless plane coordinate system across jurisdictional  boundaries and map scales with GIS technology.
   ArcGIS was used to facilitate precise position referencing with GPS,  produce web-based map portals that enabled a practical system of  geoaddresses and a universal map index. Maps were created based on  street views and satellite imagery with links to tweets, YouTube videos  and Flickr photos from the area.
   Hurricane Irene
   Hurricane Irene zipped across the Atlantic Ocean and ravaged the East  Coast last August. Some 50 people died and more than $10 billion in  damages were inflicted. Considering this hurricane hit highly populated  areas, the damages and fatalities could have been much worse. According  to ctovision.com, the average citizen had a wealth of accurate (and  useful) hurricane information to choose from, including  Twitter/Flickr/YouTube overlays on Google Earth.
   Popular blogger The GIS Doctor said, “Geographers and GIS pros are all  over this storm. Unlike the Tohoku earthquake and tsunami, which had a  ton of reactionary GIS development, hurricanes provide the opportunity  to develop datasets, applications, and analysis before the storm  arrives. There are a number of great applications and datasets that have  been generated in the past four days, with many more to come over the  next several days.”
   Significant real-time maps included The New York Times hurricane tracker, MSNBC hurricane tracker, Esri and CNN.
   And after the hurricane, GIS played another important role to help insurers accurately pay claims.
   Esri’s Mark McCoy notes in an Esri.com interview that ArcGIS plays a  crucial role after a disastrous event and insurers can use this  information to make certain their customers are as safe as possible and  that they carry the appropriate coverage for any catastrophe that might  affect that location. ArcGIS also helps insurers accurately rate the  risk to ensure they are collecting appropriate premiums for the losses  that are likely to be incurred.
   GIS technology can transform society through better decision-making  using a geographic perspective and has become an essential tool for  natural disaster research to predict damage as well as assessing  post-disaster damage.
   Effective natural disaster planning programs can help save lives and  reduce the level of damage that occurs during catastrophic natural  events and American Sentinel University positions their GIS students for  success in the industry.
   American Sentinel’s GIS programs prepare students for entry into the  GIS field and also provide training in information systems that benefit  other business areas. Learn more about American Sentinel University’s  GIS degrees at 
http://www.americansentinel.edu/online-degree/bachelor-degree-online/bachelor-gis-degree.php.   
About American Sentinel University   American Sentinel University delivers the competitive advantages of  accredited associate, bachelor's and master's online degree programs  focused on the needs of high-growth sectors, including information  technology, computer science, GIS, computer information systems and  business intelligence degrees. The university is accredited by the  Distance Education and Training Council (DETC), which is listed by the  U.S. Department of Education as a nationally recognized accrediting  agency and is a recognized member of the Council for Higher Education  Accreditation.